Frankfurt am Main 4K BEST of: Top attractions | Germany Travel Guide (Mai 2024)
Frankfurt Maini ääres, Inglise Maini ääres asuv Frankfurt, linn, Hesseni liidumaa (osariik), Lääne-Saksamaa. Linn asub Main Riveri ääres umbes 19 miili (30 km) ülesvoolu tema ühinemisest Reini jõega Mainzis. Popp. (2011) linn, 667 925; (Hinnanguliselt 2000) linnaelanikkond, 3 681 000.
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Ajalugu
On tõendeid keldi ja germaani asustuste kohta linnas, mis pärinevad 1. sajandist, samuti Rooma jäänuseid 1. ja 2. sajandist. Nimi Frankfurt („Frangi Ford (Passage or Crossing)”) tekkis arvatavasti umbes 500 ce, kui frankid sõitsid Alemanni lõuna poole, kuid esimene kirjalik mainimine Franconofurdi kohta tuleneb Charlemagne isiklikust biograafist Einhardist 8. sajandi lõpus.. Pfalz (keiserlik loss) oli 9. sajandist kuni hilisema keskajani oluline ida-franki karolinglaste kuninglik elukoht. 12. sajandil püstitas Hohenstaufeni dünastia Frankfurdis uue lossi ja seinas linna. Hohenstaufeni valitseja Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa) valiti seal kuningaks 1152. aastal,ja 1356. aastal määras keiser Charles IV kuldne härg (Püha Rooma impeeriumi konstitutsioon) Saksamaa kuningate valimise alaliseks kohaks Frankfurt.
Frankfurt am Main was a free imperial city from 1372 until 1806, when Napoleon I made it the seat of government for the prince primate of the Confederation of the Rhine. In 1810 the city became the capital of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt, created by Napoleon. From 1815, when Napoleon fell, Frankfurt was again a free city, where in 1848–49 the Frankfurt National Assembly met. From 1816 to 1866 the city was the seat of the German Bundestag (Federal Diet) and thus the capital of Germany. After the Seven Weeks’ War in 1866, Frankfurt was annexed by Prussia and thereby lost its free-city status. It was only after its integration into a united Germany that Frankfurt developed into a large industrial city.
The contemporary city
Until World War II, Frankfurt’s Old Town, which had grown up around the imperial castle, was the largest medieval city still intact in Germany. The Old Town was mostly destroyed by Allied bombing campaigns in 1944, however, and was subsequently rebuilt with multistory office buildings and other modern structures. Among the city’s most famous old structures are the Römer (“the Roman”; formerly the site of the Holy Roman emperor’s coronation ceremonies and now Frankfurt’s city hall) and two other gabled houses on the Römerberg (the city square surrounding the Römer). Other historical landmarks include the 155-foot- (47-metre-) tall Eschenheimer Tower (1400–28); the red sandstone cathedral, which was dedicated to St. Bartholomew in 1239; and the Paulskirche, which was the meeting place of the first Frankfurt National Assembly.
International trade fairs have been held in Frankfurt since 1240, and the city is now a leading commercial, financial, and high-technology centre. There is an important stock exchange (first established in 1585). The Rothschild family started building its international banking empire in Frankfurt. The city also is the home of the European Union’s central bank. Annual book, automobile, and computer fairs are popular events, and there are many other fairs held throughout the year. Manufactures include automobiles, machinery, chemical and pharmaceutical products, printing materials, and foodstuffs. The city is traditionally known for its production of high-quality sausages (frankfurters).
Frankfurt has long been a key stopping point for river, rail, and road traffic from Switzerland and southern Germany northward along the Rhine River to the Ruhr region and across the Main River to north-central Germany. It is still the chief traffic hub for western Germany and has also been an important inland shipping port since the canalization of the Main in the 1880s. Frankfurt Airport is the largest airport in Germany and one of the busiest in Europe.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt (1914) is among the largest institutions of higher education in Germany. The Frankfurt am Main City Zoological Garden is one of the country’s finest zoos. Among the city’s other attractions are the Städel Art Institute and Municipal Gallery, the Senckenberg Natural History Museum, and the Liebieghaus Museum of Sculpture. The birthplace of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was burned to the ground in World War II but was later restored. Adjoining it is the Goethe Museum and Library.
