Henrietta Lacks | Her Impact and Our Outreach (Mai 2024)
Henrietta Lacks, sündinud Loretta Pleasant, (sündinud 1. augustil 1920 Roanoke'is, Virginia, USA - suri 4. oktoobril 1951 Baltimore'is, Marylandis), ameerika naine, kelle emakakaelavähi rakud olid HeLa rakuliini allikaks. arvukatele olulistele teaduse edusammudele.
Viktoriin
Kuulsad Ameerika näod: fakt või väljamõeldis?
Clarence Darrow oli kuulus 19. sajandi prokurör.
Pärast ema surma sünnitusel 1924. aastal kolis isa koos oma 10 lapsega Virginias Cloverisse, kus ta jagas neid kasvatatavate sugulaste vahel. Henriettat kasvatas seega tema vanaisa, kes hooldas ka teist lapselast, Henrietta nõbu Davidit, keda tuntakse nimega Day. Henrietta ja Day abiellusid 10. aprillil 1941. Nõbu julgustatuna kolis Day peatselt Marylandi põhjaossa, et töötada Bethlehem Steeli Sparrows Pointi terasetehases, mis oli hoogne II maailmasõja tekitatud nõudmistega. Varsti pärast seda liitusid Henrietta ja paari lapsed Dayga Turner Stationis, Marylandis, kogukonnas väljaspool Baltimore'i, kus elasid paljud Aafrika-Ameerika terasetootjad.
Enne viiendat rasedust oli Henrietta tajunud enda sisemuses sõlme ja murettekitav veritsus ning tõendid emakakaela tükist mitu kuud pärast sünnitust saatis Henrietta lõpuks oma arsti juurde. Ta suunati Baltimore'i Johns Hopkinsi haigla günekoloogiaosakonda, kus 1951. aasta veebruaris näitas biopsia emakakaela kasvaja olemasolu, mille arstid ei olnud märganud nii tema poja sündimisel 19. septembril 1950 kui ka järgneval ajal. - ülevaatus kuus nädalat hiljem.
After further tests, Henrietta received the first of several radium treatments, the standard of care for the day, which involved stitching small glass tubes of the radioactive metal secured in fabric pouches—called Brack plaques—to the cervix. While performing the procedure, the surgeon extracted two small tissue samples: one from Henrietta’s tumour and one from healthy cervical tissue close by. The samples from Henrietta’s cervix were among many extracted for physician George Gey, the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins, who was searching for an “immortal” cell line for use in cancer research. Unlike previous samples, Henrietta’s cancerous cells—called HeLa, from Henrietta Lacks—not only survived but also multiplied at an extraordinary rate. Henrietta herself was unaware that any sample had been taken; at that time it was not uncommon to study patients and their tissues without their knowledge or consent (see Tuskegee syphilis study).
While her cells thrived, Henrietta declined. By September the cancer had spread throughout her body, and early the following month Henrietta died. However, the HeLa cells, famed for their longevity,continued to thrive in culture long after Henrietta’s death. HeLa became a ubiquitous study material, contributing to the development of drugs for numerous ailments, including polio, Parkinson disease, and leukemia. In spite of this, until the 1970s Henrietta’s role was unknown even to her family. In the 21st century Henrietta’s case was an important component in the debate surrounding informed consent from patients for the extraction and use of cells in research. In 2013 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) granted the Lacks family control over how data on the HeLa cell genome would be used (the genome of a HeLa cell line had been sequenced in full earlier that year). Two members of the Lacks family formed part of the NIH’s HeLa Genome Data Access working group, which reviewed researchers’ applications for access to the HeLa sequence information.
